Showing posts with label Guérin (artist). Show all posts
Showing posts with label Guérin (artist). Show all posts

Tuesday, 13 May 2014

The Scandalous Affairs of Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Elizabeth Christiana Hervey, also Lady Elizabeth Foster; Horringer, Suffolk, England, 13th May 1759 - Rome, Italy, 30th March 1824)
 
Lady Elizabeth Foster by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1787
Lady Elizabeth Foster by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1787

Not so long after sharing the final hours of the iconic Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, we find ourselves returning to Chatsworth to meet her friend and the woman who followed her as Duchess, Elizabeth Cavendish. Her relationship with the Devonshires was a far from orthodox one, as we will see!

Lady Elizabeth, known to her friends as Bess, was born to Frederick Hervey, later to be 4th Earl of Bristol, and his wife, Elizabeth Davers and was the fourth of their seven children. The family took up residence in Ireland and despite their illustrious family tree, were far from wealthy throughout her childhood. A bright and beautiful young lady, at the age of just 17 she married politician John Thomas Foster. The couple had three children, two of whom lived to adulthood but their marriage was not a happy one.

Just five years after they were wed, the couple seperated. Gossips whispered that Elizabeth had been enjoying the odd dalliance elsewhere and this was given weight when Bess fled Ireland and left her children in the custody of the Earl; she would not see them again for many years. Our Bess was not to be laid low for long though and in spring 1782 she met the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire whilst attending a social engagement in Bath. Unsatisfied and just a little lonely, Georgiana adored Bess from that first meeting and the two women became firm friends, with Bess swiftly moving into the family home, where she remained for a quarter of a century save for occasional and unhappy continental sojourns!


Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, with Lady Elizabeth Foster by Jean-Urbain Guérin, 1791
Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, with Lady Elizabeth Foster by Jean-Urbain Guérin, 1791

The three lived together and Bess enjoyed a long affair with William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire and Georgiana's husband. Together the couple had two children, a boy and a girl, though their true parentage was concealed from the children for many years. Indeed, the first child Bess had with Cavendish was born in a miserable Sicilian brothel and initially left in Europe to avoid embarrassment and scandal to either parent.

Eventually though, the two  children joined the household to play alongside William and Georgiana's own offspring, utterly unaware that Bess and Cavendish were their true parents until after Cavendish's death in 1811. When she became aware of the affair between her husband and best friend Georgiana accepted it, happy to have her friend close by regardless of what this might mean for her own marriage.
Rumour has it that Bess was a busy girl and indulged in a affairs with all manner of illustrious gents and she hoped for a proposal from her long term lover, Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond, but it is for her relationship with William that she is remembered. Indeed, it was this affair that eventually resulted in matrimony, many years after it had begun.

 In 1809, three years after Georgiana died, Bess married Cavendish to succeed her friend as Duchess of Devonshire. She herself was widowed just two years later and eventually left England behind and went to Rome, where she lived happily as a patron of the arts. On the anniversary of Georgiana's death, Bess herself passed away and was returned to England to be interred in the Cavendish vault beside her husband and the woman who had been her most faithful friend.

Wednesday, 6 November 2013

The Death of Charles X

Charles X (Charles Philippe; Versailles, France, 9th October 1757 – Görz, Austrian Empire, 6th November 1836) 


Charles X by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, 1827
Charles X by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, 1827
It seems that we are destined to meet Charles X only on the most unhappy occasions. His last visit to the salon occurred on the anniversary of his abdication from the French throne and today we mark the date of his death. He passed his final days in Görz, but what were the events that brought him to his final destination?
At our last meeting we left Charles X in England before a crowd of unhappy Britons who met the newly-styled comte de Ponthieu with jeers and the tricolour flag. Not only were the locals in1830 less than welcoming, but Charles could not leave his debts behind as easily as his crown and he found his creditors had also crossed the Channel and were now more than keen to see the colour of his money. Luckily for Charles, his late wife, Maria Theresa of Savoy, had money held in trust in London and he used this to settle his debts.
As far as Charles was concerned, his life in England could now progress and for a short time he settled at Lulworth Castle before travelling north to take up residence at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh. The deposed Bourbons found it hard to settle in their new existence and two years after their arrival in England they were on the move again, happy to accept the offer of sanctuary in Prague from Emperor Francis I.
Home for now became Hradschin Palace and here they would remain until 1835, when the family purchased Kirchberg Castle. Unfortunately, they were unable to take up residence in their new home due to an unfortunately timed cholera outbreak and, as they waited for the danger to pass, Charles decided to take the sun in Görz.
In fact, it was a particular dark twist of fate that saw Charles contract cholera almost immediately upon arrival, dying soon after. As the townspeople mourned their late guest, Charles was interred in the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady in the Kostanjevica Monastery, his roaming finally at an end.

Life in the Georgian Court, true tales of 18th century royalty, is available at the links below.

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Friday, 2 August 2013

The Abdication of Charles X

We're all Frenchified again today so while I'm snacking on my crêpes, it's time for a story of abdication from the land of revolution! 

Portrait of Charles X by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, 1827
Charles X by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, 1827

Our tale begins in March 1830, and a vote of no confidence against King Charles X in the Chamber of Deputies. The King's somewhat peevish reaction was to dissolve parliament and declare that there would be no elections for two months, by which time he firmly believed that his own supporters would sweep to power. When the outcome of these eventual elections was not quite what Charles had been hoping for, he suspended the constitution and then, against all advice, dissolved the National Guard of Paris, invoking the ire of the people. On 25th July, he placed his signature on the July Ordinances, a move that would seal his forthcoming fate.

Also known as the Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, these new measures imposed strict censorship on the press, outlined further political reform and detailed yet more elections, this time to take place in September. The public came to learn of the Ordinances when they were published in government newspaper, Le Moniteur Universel, on 26th July; on 27th, a short revolution started that would bring down the rule of Charles X.

That summer day began with police closing down any newspapers that had dared to defy the censorship order and within hours, protests broke out in the streets. By the following evening impromptu barricades had sprung up across the city and military patrols were moving through the streets, attacked by rioters as night fell. As the death toll climbed, Charles' political opponents begged him to withdraw the Ordinances yet still the King resisted, believing that such a climbdown would be disastrous for royal authority.

Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix, 1830

By the end of 29th July, that royal authority lay in tatters. Among other important buildings the Tuileries, Louvre and Hôtel de Ville were in the hands of the Parisian citizens as revolutionaries raised the tricolor across Paris, tearing down the Bourbon flag. A hastily established provisional government gathered to try and restore order whilst the King, his Ordinances well and truly crushed, contemplated his next move from the  Château de Saint-Cloud.

In the very early hours of 31st July, Charles received word that the next building targeted by the revolutionaries was the Château itself. At this news he assembled the court and everyone decamped for the relative calm of Versailles, only to be told on arrival that the palace was already unsafe. He spent a fraught day at the Trianon before travelling on to Rambouillet that night.


Portrait of Louis-Antoine
Louis-Antoine

On 2nd August, his authority all but gone, Charles X and his son, Louis-Antoine, the Dauphin of France, abdicated the throne in favour of Henry, Duke of Bordeaux, the nephew of Louis and grandson of Charles. However, the provisional government rejected this decision and instead placed Louis Philippe of Orléans on the throne as a constitutional monarch, the imposed head of what became known as the July Monarchy.

A photograph of Louis-Philippe by Lerebouors and Claudet, 1842
Louis-Philippe photographed by Lerebouors and Claudet, 1842

Faced with a mob of thousands, the former King and his family fled for England where they were met by a jeering crowd waving the tricolor flag. As Charles adapted to this new life, France got used to its latest monarch; there would, of course, be more upheaval to follow but for now, we will let King Louis Philippe I enjoy his reign...

Want to know how Charles X ended his turbulent days? Hop in the sedan chair and follow me!

Life in the Georgian Court, true tales of 18th century royalty, is available at the links below.

Pen and Sword
Amazon UK
Amazon US
Book Depository (free worldwide shipping)